Ndihlala ndifumana iifowuni ezivela kubalingane abavela kwihlabathi lonke ukuba babuze malunga neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa ekuveliseni izipontshi ezibuyela ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, ezi ngxaki zihlangatyezwa ngumntu wonke kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kuquka nam. Ziziphi izizathu?
Ngapha koko, i-polyurethane ikwalishishini lemichiza, kwaye ezi ngxaki zibandakanya ingxaki yazo zonke izinto ezikrwada.
Yonke impahla ekrwada ethatha inxaxheba kwi-chemical reaction ibaluleke kakhulu, ingaba i-material engundoqo okanye into encinci inefuthe layo elilodwa, ngoko ke ukuba enye yezinto ezibonakalayo iyatshintsha kwi-chemical reaction, ngoko iya kubonakala ngokwemvelo kumzimba we-foam. inkqubo yogwebu, owona mgaqo usisiseko kunye nengxaki ukuba ayiguquki, isisityhilelo.
Ukuba iyagula, ngoko ke kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo into emasiyenze ukuyisombulula; ukuba sisityhilelo kuthi, ngoko kufuneka siqwalasele indlela yokuyisebenzisa okanye ukuyiphucula, uyazi, ezininzi i-evolution kunye nezinto eziqanjiweyo ziphuhliswa kwisityhilelo.
Umzekelo: sonke siyazi ukuba kukho i-2000 ye-Shanghai Gaoqiao kunye ne-1070 ye-Jinpu e-Nanjing. Nangona amaxabiso e-hydroxyl ezi ndidi zimbini zepolyether ephinda icothayo zombini ziyi-240. Noko ke, kwimveliso eyiyo, imisebenzi yazo yemichiza yahluke kakhulu. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, i-2000 kunye ne-1070 ingasetyenziselwa enye kwenye ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso kwezinye izinto eziluhlaza.
Noko ke, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, baye bazenzela ezabo iimpawu, yaye abanakuphinda bathabathe indawo yomnye.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, imveliso yasekhaya ye-polyether-rebound-rebound ingaphezulu kakhulu kunaba bavelisi babini, ngoko kunzima ukudibanisa izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezisetyenziswa ngumenzi wesiponji ohamba kancinci, kubandakanywa neentlobo zezixhobo ezincinci.
Ngenxa yoko, ishishini ngalinye linefomula yalo, kwaye i-polyether ecothayo iphinde ibe ne-porosity entle kunye nokuzinza.
Ubungakanani bepolyether ecothayo ebuyisela i-rebound kunye ne-porosity engcono yokuvula kwinkqubo yokuvelisa incinci encinci, ngelixa inani leoli ye-silicone (i-stabilizer) iphezulu kancinane kuneoli ye-silicone (i-stabilizer). Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba usebenzisa i-polyether ye-rebound ecothayo izinzile okanye ivaliwe, ke ukusetyenziswa kwe-agent yokuvula i-pore kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kuya kuba yinto encinci, ngelixa inani leoli ye-silicone iya kuncitshiswa kancinane.
Ngoko ufumanisa njani ubungakanani be-pore opener kunye neoli ye-silicone?
Kushishino lwepolyurethane, ngenxa yeyantlukwano phakathi kwezipontshi ezibuyela kancinane kunye nezinye izipontshi, ezifana neziponji eziqhelekileyo ezibuyela umva, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bangaphi na abavelisi, ukuveliswa kwemveliso yabo kunokuthiwa kufana kakhulu okanye ngaphantsi, okanye ngokusisiseko. efanayo. nangona kunjalo, isiponji esicothayo se-rebound sahlukile kwifomula yaso ehlala itshintsha, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukufumana idosi yokuvula i-arhente yokuvula kunye neoli ye-silicone ngemowudi, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba umgaqo osisiseko awukahlulwa njani kuwo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba utshintshe njani, ukuba nje uyazi kakuhle imithetho yayo, unokuyisebenzisa ngokulula. Nokuba yeyiphi na ingxinano yesiponji esibuyela umva esicothayo, okoko nje isiponji sinokukhulula umoya omncinci ekupheleni kokusabela, amaqamza kufuneka angabi makhulu kakhulu, kwaye amaqamza aya kuba ngqindilili njengoko iipores zinkulu. Oku kubonisa kwakhona ukuba kukho iingxaki ezimbini: ioli ye-silicone ayidityaniswanga ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukwandisa umlinganiselo othile weoli ye-silicone.
Okwesibini, ukuba ukuvulwa kwesiponji kubonisa ukuba i-stomata iyinto eqhelekileyo, ngoko ke inani elongezelelweyo le-agent yokuvula likwicala eliphezulu, kwaye inani elongezelelweyo lokuvula kufuneka lincitshiswe.
Uthutho.
I-catalyst inempembelelo enkulu kwi-polyurethane foam, kwaye kuphela kunye nayo inokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-catalysts: i-amine ephezulu kunye ne-metal catalysts, njenge-triethylenediamine, i-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, i-methylimidazole, i-Amur1, njl.
Okwangoku, zonke iintlobo zokulibaziseka, i-trimerized, i-compound kunye ne-VOC catalysts ephantsi ziye zaphuhliswa, zonke zisekelwe kwii-catalysts ezingentla.
Ngokomzekelo, uthotho lweemveliso zeNkampani yeemveliso zegesi, ezisisiseko sezinto ezisisiseko yi-triethylenediamine:
I-L s-y33LV iqulethe i-33% ye-triethylene diamine / 67% ye-dipropanediol.
I-L smury R8020 i-triethylene diamine iqulethe i-20% ye-DMEA 80% ye-DMEA.
L smury S25 triethylene diamine iqulathe 25% / butanediol 75%.
L s-y8154 triethylenediamine / acid ilibazisekile catalyst.
L Smury EG triethylene diamine iqulethe 33% / ethylene glycol 67%.
L Smury TMR series trimerization.
I-L Smury 8264 i-bubble yebhloko edibeneyo kunye ne-catalyst elinganayo.
L Smury XDM ivumba eliphantsi catalyst.
Ngaphantsi kwemeko ye-multi-catalyst, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iimpawu ze-catalysts ezahlukeneyo kunye nemigaqo yazo yesenzo ukuze ufumane ibhalansi yenkqubo ye-polyurethane, oko kukuthi, ibhalansi phakathi kwesantya sogwebu kunye nesantya sejeli, ibhalansi phakathi kwesantya sejeli kunye isantya sogwebu, ibhalansi phakathi kwesantya sogwebu kunye nolwelo lwempahla, njl.
I-foam stabilizer.
Idlala indima ye-emulsifying i-foam, ukuzinzisa i-foam kunye ne-bubble elawulayo, kwaye yandisa i-intersolubility yamacandelo ahlukeneyo, igalelo ekubunjweni kwamaqamza, ilawula ubungakanani kunye nokufana kwamaqamza, ikhuthaza ukulungelelaniswa koxinzelelo lwe-foam, kwaye yenza iindonga ze-bubble. amaqamza elastiki ukugcina amaqamza kwaye athintele amaqamza ukuba angawi.
Nangona isixa se-foam stabilizer sincinci, sinempembelelo enkulu kwisakhiwo seseli, iipropathi ezibonakalayo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa i-PU ethambileyo ye-foam.
Okwangoku, i-hydrolytic silicone / polyoxolefin ether block oligomers isetyenziswa eTshayina. Ngenxa yokuba zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-foam, umlinganiselo wecandelo le-hydrophobic ukuya kwi-hydrophilic segment iyahluka, kwaye utshintsho lwamacandelo okugqibela oluhlu lwebhloko luhluke. I-silicon stabilizers yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-foam ziveliswa.
Ngoko ke, ekukhethweni kwe-foam stabilizers, kufuneka siqonde umsebenzi kunye nendima yayo, musa ukulibala, ungasebenzisi kakubi, okubangelwa yimiphumo emibi.
Umzekelo, i-oyile ye-silicone ye-foam ethambileyo ayinakusetyenziswa kwi-foam ephezulu yokuqina, ngaphandle koko iya kubangela ukushwabana kwegwebu, i-oyile ye-silicone yokuqina okuphezulu ayinakufakwa kwi-foam enkulu ethambileyo, kungenjalo iya kubangela ukuwa.
Ngenxa yesidingo sokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, amashishini eemoto kunye nefenitshala afuna i-atomization ephantsi kunye neemveliso zexabiso eliphantsi le-VOC. Iinkampani ziye zaphuhlisa i-atomization ephantsi kunye ne-VOC ephantsi yokuqina kwe-foam, njenge-Smury DC6070, ioli ye-atomization ephantsi ye-atomization yenkqubo ye-TDI, kunye ne-Smury DC2525 yi-oyile ye-silicone ephantsi ye-atomization ye-MDI yenkqubo.
