Ifomula yeesponji yesithandela ngokuphucuke kwaye iyinhlobo yakho yokugqibelela ngesikhatsi esidingeni ngokushesha ngokwesentle kumthetho wesimo esiqiniswe.
Ngaphandle kokuba imenyango yesiphumo esisetyenziswa sifanele sithetha, amanye amanani asendaweni aphantsi azisebenzisa ngokubanzi ngezinye izinto.
Kulungile, ukufaka iindlela zokuthatha amanani aphantsi kufuneka lizangelelwe ngokukholelwa ukuvamile amasiko.
I. ukusebenza amayoni
Imayoni elililizwe ngempahla yeesponji yesithandela ngokuphucuke yiniyo yisisitayithi se-Amerika sesihloniphe s-y33-LV.
Ukusetshenziswa kwakhiwo kuyabo ingxelo yeephahla lepolyether phakathi kwe-0.3-0.8 phr.
Yintoni ibonisa 33% triethylenediamine kunye no-67% dipropanediol (DPG).
Leli phrojekthi lisithintelekile ngoba isolvent esisetshenziswa yiniyo idipropylene glycol.
Batho babebafuna ukwenze imibuzo, ukuba isolvent sihlala kusenzi?
Isixhaso sithi e.
Kufuneka uqhumele umthombo wokubhala kwe-triethylenediamine, iimfene eziningi zikwazi ukusetyenziswa njengamavasoli, ngokushesha ipropylene glycol, idiethylene glycol, iethylene glycol, i-1.4-butanediol, futhi oku, kodwa ngaphakathi kwezinto eziyisisekelo lemfene, isishova sesikhombisa sijongiwe ngendlela yayo kunye neoholoji eluhlukileyo, kunye nokuba ikuphi ilizwe lokuhlukana lasekuqhelekileyo.
Ngoku sikudinga, iimfene ezisisisekelo ezifanayo zinokusetshenziswa njengama-chain extenders noma amacross-linking agent, yokugcina ukuba le mfene ezisisisekelo ezifanele zibhekise i-TDI, esiyibonisa ukungaba kuhlanganisiwe i-TDI index ngeentsimbi emangweni noma ukungabuyiselwa kwesponj esiya kuclose.
Ngexesha yesiNkabi 2012, izinkathalo ezininzi zomhlaba uzohlala zazibhaleka ukusebenzisa i-DPG engapheleleyo ngo-99%. KwiiChina, usuku olulandelayo lolunye ulwandle lwakwintloko lwakwesihlanu lwakwesinye lisetshenziswa ukusebenzisa i-DPG engapheleleyo ngo-95%, ubuncinci besebelelwe abanye abalaliweyo. I-DPG yaseChina yakondela ngemvula yenqanawe kunye nokuba ayithethwe njengamasolenti, yayingezela ukuba amakhatisi amadipheni asebenzele ngayo.
Ngoko ke, i-amines ezizenzakalelayo kwi-market yaseMphakathi zibhala ngokulandelayo nge-ethylene glycol njenge-solvent.
Abanye amanqaku ocula, kwindaweni yokuhlula okwesintsho, wazifumana ukuba udilayiwe koncubalo yokuqala kwe-triethylenediamine, ukufuma nomlomo ongcacileyo, ukuze usure we-catalyst, kufuneka uhlinde inani le-catalyst, lomntla womntla wocatalyst olungaphambili kunye namathangeli eziyisize ngoxhaso aziphumelela inkulu elinye li-TDI, uma ayithathelwe inani le-TDI, isponge sizobuya esonjululi kunye nokuthi uzogqibela umoya omncane.
Kunye nalokho, ukuseta kwesihlanu sokuphucukiswa kunye nokuhlatywa kwe-amine akukho okungabona.
Kusetshenziswa ukuba ngokushesha wesiphumo saseMphakathi sokusebenzisa i-chemical separation engineering technology, izigidi ezindala ze-DPG ezikhulu zakwazi ukwabiwa, kunye nokuba izigidi ezinewayne ezinomsindo zomntu osahlulekileyo ezizalwa nguMphakathi s-y33-LV.
Ngokwenene, iimini ezinye zikwazi ukuthumela ukuhambisana ngemvume yezinsuku, njengoko 9727, CS90, kanye nezi zinobunye, kodwa kufanele siphinde sithathelise izindlela ezincinci ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, kunye nokuhlonishwa kwezinto eziphumayo kwindawo yokushicilela.
Ayiqondisiwe ukuthi isebenzele SMP ukuthumela ukuhambisana ngemvume.
Namhlanje, xa ukushicilisa kukho ngenqanawe yesibini, ungadabuka 0.1-0.3 phr okuthuthukise ukushicilisa ngokubonakalisi.
2. Ukukhangela umthombo
Umkhiwizi owasebenzela imithombo elingezantsi alingayisebenzisa umthombo wosnithano wesithupha (Tmur9) ukuthumela ukuhambisana ngemvume, kodwa umphathi ulungiselela ukusebenzisa udibutyltin dilaurate (D22 Tmur12, eyaziwa njengi Kmur19 eSajini).
Umthombo wosnithano wesithupha siyinkcukacha ukusetshenziswa kwisebe esidleleni kanye nejeki leloweni.
Ikhetho lokhu luhlabeleka ngokusukela, kodwa akuyingeniso emuva.
Usetyenziswa ukuthumela isebenzele ejeki lesigodlo, ikhono lokugquma ngemuva ayiqhelekanga.
Tmur9 inokuvula ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuqhuba kwezityhili zikhulu esenza ngenqanawe (ngumoya wokugcina ukusetyenziswa kwiintambo yezinto ezi-160). Ukusebenza nokuxhumana nomoya ofunekwayo lokhu kuzoba ukuba zihlabele iindlela ezifana, uzoba ubhekisele.
Dilaurate dibutyltin ayiqinisekanga, usetyenziswa, ungaphakathi, ungene ngokulungileyo kunye nokuphela ngokulungileyo.
Ngonye amaxwebhu akho abazange babheke umthengi wendawo, umphathi wesicatshulwa ususa ukusebenzisa dilaurate dibutyltin, umbiko wakhe uwabeka ukuba umthengi wendawo wakhe wakwaziwa.
Ukusebenzisa Tmur9, isigaba sokusetyenziswa sihluke phakathi kwesi-0.1 kunye nesi-0.4 phr.
Ukusebenzisa dibutyltin dilaurate, isigaba sokusetyenziswa sikufuneka sikuhluke phakathi kwesi-0.03 kunye nesi-0.05.
Ukusebenzisa ukubuyisela okanye ukukhuluma kakhulu, isigaba sokusetyenziswa sikufuneka sikuhluke phakathi kwesi-0.001 kunye nesi-0.01phr.
Ngokushesha lokusebenza lokuhlola ukusetshenziswa komoya wesitini, umphathi wesicatshulwa ususa ukuba isetshenziswa bismuth naphthenate usebenze ngokubanzi komoya wesitini.
3. Ukukhangela isithuthi sesikhefu
Isithuthi sesikhefu sokuqhuba kwezityhili esiyaqondiswa ngu-B8002, kunye nokuba isigaba sokusetyenziswa sakuhluke phakathi kwesi-0.5 kunye nesi-2 phr.
Sebenzisa amasponji eziyindawo eliphakamisi kancinci nesiponji esiliphihlawuliweyo ngokubanzi.
Ukusebenza kakhulu kwamabhabhele abantu, nokugcina ukusebenza kwezinye zemayili.
Ngonyaka ezintathu ezinayezi, izixhasi zesiThungulo zesifazane sezivakalisa iSilikon Oil yaseSlow Rebound, kunye neentsha yakhe.
Kunezixhasi ezisebenzisa iLmur580 ukuthola islow rebound, lapha inani leSilikon Oil ligcine, ngoko ke ukuze iLmur580 lihlale kakhulu.
Ukukhetha kwamasipho esezibopheleleyo.
Isidingo, into yokugcina, utsabo kunye nokusebenza kweamasipho esezibopheleleyo kukhethekile ngokwesobizo kwiindlela ezidluliswayo, ndingakwazi ukuyihlanganisa apho ndithi ndiyawenza.
Amanqaku alenqanawe anasebenzisanga kwiseponji esiliphihlawuliweyo, ngoko ke akukho amaxwebhu okunye lokho, ndingakwazi ukuyihlanganisa apho ndithi ndiyawenza.
Useto lwamasopu wakwenzeka ngokushesha njengekoloni, kodwa kulandelayo.
Funa ukufumana ngenxa yokubona izintsha ezibomvu, ngoko ke umthombo wobucophu obunikezwe ngokusebenzela ibhakabhayi libucophu, lokhu kuzoba ukuhlawula ukusetyenziswa kwesinye isiphumo sesicelo nokuhlelwa kwekatisiti. Ngeendodakazi eminingi abebonisa uphawu oluthile lokuba izintsha ezibomvu zingavalelwa ngaphandle kokuthi leyo yintoni.
Ngoko ke, xa ungenelela izintsha, kufanele ukugcina okuphumeleyo kwekatisiti.
