Isiphojha iyinye yemfene we-polyurethane, kunye nalinye ilinye lemfene lephakathi le-polyurethane.
Ngokushesha ukuthi lwayo luhlukwe kakhulu ngezityalo zomshini oluninzi, isiphojha sifuneka ngokupheleleyo iindlebe, ukubhala amanzi, ukuseta kunye nokulindela imfula, okungafakayo ukuthi liyisebenzisi kakhulu kumlingana nezindlu zophandle, amabhucayizi, izindlu zamathswa, uphakamiso oluninzi kunye nezindawo ezilandelayo.
Amagama angaphambili kwezisiphojha:
1. Isithengiso semfuyo: isithengiso semfuyo eseyenza kakhulu siyo methylene diisocyanate, noma TDI ngokuqinileyo. Kunezimbali ezintathu ezizikhono, nemfa 4murTDIJI kunye no-6murTDI.
Kwesiphumo sesiphojha, i-4-TDI ifanele i-80% yetholeni yonke.
2. Polyether polyol: isiphojha sifuna ipoliethe propilini glicoli kunye nepoliethe gliceroli, elihlukanisa kakhulu (2-3), inombolo yohaidroksi enkulu kunye nenombolo yobuninzi yezinto.
Umthombo wemolekuli ngu-CH3-CHO (C3H6O) m (C2H4O) nH CH2O (C3H6O) m (C2H4O) nH.
3. Ikhatelisithi: ikhatelisithi ezinikeza ukuthi ipoliethe poliol kunye ne-isithengiso semfuyo sezivumelela ukuhlawula kwesikhwama siyo stannous octanoate kunye nedibutyltin.
Izandla zokuvumela ukuhlola kweqhosha lokuhlola kunye neCO2 igas ethaphathelwa yokuqala phakathi kolwandle kunye nesikhephe, ziyi-triethanolamine, triethylenediamine, triethylamine kunye namaninzi okunene.
4, umthengiselo wemfomu (foam stabilizer): wenza ukusetyenziswa kwisi-silicone foam stabilizer, usetyenziswa ngokuphambili kwi-silicon-carbon bond Si-C copolymer, isixa sihluke kwi-0.5% 5%.
5. Amathengiselo wephansi: amafuthi amahhalele ekugcineni ayiqale ngokuba amafuthi amahhalele, njengase-fluorotrichloromethane (Fmur11).
Ngoko pakatiso, akuyinto engenziwayo emfazweni, zizama ukusetshenziswa icyclopentane ngokubanzi kwi-Fmur11 noma idichloromethane, kunye nokugcina kakhulu.
6. Amagcino: esikhundleni sasipheni, amagcino angahlukileyo. Amagcino agcina ngesi-TDI ukufika kweCO2 igas ethaphathelwa, okungayiphiwa ngokulula ukusuka kwechain.
